Q- Would there be any current flow when we connect both ends of a diode and can we measure it using multimeter? Ans: Well when we connect both sides of a diode, it is actually the same case when we connect the n-type and p-type material at the junction. There would be diffusion of charges i.e. […]
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Diode: Depletion region vs Doping
Q: How does the width of depletion region vary with change in doping of two regions? Ans: As we have already discussed how depletion region is formed and now we know that depletion region is formed when recombining of electrons and holes occur. We discuss different cases as follow: Doping of only p-type is greater: […]
Diode: Different Acting Forces
DIFFERENT FORCES ACTING ON CHARGE CARRIERS So we can say there are two types of forces that exit to the electrons of n-type and holes of p-type as shown: FE1 is force acting on electrons due to electric field. FE2 is force acting on holes due to electric field. Hence we call that there is barrier at […]
Making a Diode
Now we’ll see how the above described two types are used to manufacture a diode. We have the p-type and n-type semiconductors as follow: Now we combine the two types of materials as follow and we have to observe what would happen when we combine the two: When we combine the two types of material, […]
Mass action law
This law states the relation between concentrations of minority and majority carriers at a constant temperature. It states that product of concentration of majority and minority carrier is constant at fixed temperature. According to the law n * p = ni2 at constant temperature ni2 is the intrinsic concentration given by and is constant at a temperature […]
Atomic structure: Semiconductors
Diode is made by combining different type of semi conducting materials known as p-type semiconductor and n-type semi conductor. We have the pure semi conductor as combinations of silicon atom forming four covalent bonds with other silicon atoms as shown below: P-type semiconductor: This type of semiconducting material is made by defusing impurity of trivalent […]
Effect of temperature on the material
Insulators: With increase in temperature, the conducting property increases. So we call the semi-conductor material have negative temperature coefficient i.e. with increase in temperature, resistance decreases. Semiconductors: With increase in temperature, the conductivity of the semi-conductor material increases. As with increase in temperature, outermost electrons acquire energy and hence by acquiring energy, the outermost electrons leave the […]
Types of material & their comparison
In electronic devices we mainly use 3 types of materials for manufacturing purposes. Conductor Insulator Semiconductor Conducting materials are those materials in which electrons of the outermost shell are weakly bonded with nucleus. Hence as force of attraction between nucleus and the outermost shell electrons is weak, the outermost electrons become free and roam in the […]
Wireless Communication
The wireless module is actually a pair of wireless receiver and transmitter circuits. There are only few frequency bands (ranges) which we are allowed to use legally. One of those frequencies is 433Mhz. Based on 433MHz transmission frequency, we have the transmitter and the receiver circuits as TX433 and RX433. The transmitter and the receiver […]
Level Shifter
It consists of 6 circuits which convert signals from Vcc logic levels to Vdd logic levels. Suppose we need to convert the voltage level of data pins D0-D3 which is of 3.3 V (parallel port) to 6V level. It means we have to convert the HIGH of 3.3 V to HIGH of 6V. So we […]