As we have generally slow changing DATA signals i.e. DATA signals have slow rising and falling edges. And use of these signals creates problems in the working of Digital circuits. Hence to avoid these problems we use SCHMITT TRIGGER to sharpen up the edges of DATA. The transfer characteristics of this trigger are as follow: […]
Tag: voltage
Diode: Ideal vs Practical
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL DIODE When we talk about the ideal diode, the diode is a device which acts as a short circuit when forward biased and acts as open circuit when reverse biased. Hence the behavior of ideal diode can be shown in the following graph: In forward biased, current is zero till the […]
Diode: Reverse Biasing
When the polarity of the external voltage source is opposite to the above case i.e. when positive terminal is connected to n-side and negative terminal to p-side, then diode is said to be reverse biased as shown below: When we reverse bias the diode, the majority carriers have again 3 types of forces acting on […]
Diode: Forward Biasing
When we apply voltage across the diode, as shown below: When the voltage applied across the diode is greater than the barrier voltage, the electrons and the holes present in the n-type and the p-type regions of the diode acquire enough energy to cross the barrier at the junction. Now if we talk in […]
Relay
The relay is simply an electrically operated switch i.e. relay has two states and state of the relay depends upon the presence of electrical signal. The relay is usually cuboid shaped and has 5 pins. WHERE TO USE: The relay is used as a switch between two independent circuits. I.e. one circuit can be used […]
Q: How Load affects power supply
When ever we use any power supply, we must take care of the ratings of the power supply. If the system requires more than what is required then we may face many problems: CASE : When current extracted from the power source is greater than maximum current rating Example1: Suppose we have a battery of voltage […]
Battery Power
The batteries are available in various shapes and sizes and generally the following are main parameters which need to be considered while selecting batteries: 1. Energy content or capacity: This is express in Ah (mAh).This is important characteristic that indicates how long the battery can last before it discharges and become useless. For a given battery […]
DC power supply from AC source
A power supply converting AC line voltage to DC power must perform the following functions at high efficiency and at low cost. The advantage of this kind of power supply over batteries is that this power supply is low cost and also long lasting. We have to perform the following functions to convert AC power […]