Project Basics

Parallel Port

Computers parallel port is generally used to send or receive binary signals while interfacing with the external devices. We can use switches, micro-controller pins or some IC pins to connect to parallel port. Pin-out of Parallel port: The parallel port consists of 8 data pins and 4 status pins .We can use data pins as […]

Project Basics

Current Buffer

The ULN2001A, ULN2002A, ULN2003 and ULN2004A are high voltage, high current darlington PIN CONNECTION arrays each containing seven open collector dar- lington pairs with common emitters. Each channel rated at 500mA and can withstand peak currents of 600ma. WHERE TO USE: These versatile devices are useful for driving a wide range of loads including solenoids, […]

Project Basics

Relay

The relay is simply an electrically operated switch i.e. relay has two states and state of the relay depends upon the presence of electrical signal. The relay is usually cuboid shaped and has 5 pins. WHERE TO USE: The relay is used as a switch between two independent circuits. I.e. one circuit can be used […]

Project Basics

Sensors

If system is to be made interactive with the user, then there is big role of sensors. A sensor is a device whose physical property changes in response to the excitations made by the user. But to detect these physical changes by the circuit, we need to convert those changes into electrical signals. The devices […]

Project Basics

Battery Power

The batteries are available in various shapes and sizes and generally the following are main parameters which need to be considered while selecting batteries: 1. Energy content or capacity: This is express in Ah (mAh).This is important characteristic that indicates how long the battery can last before it discharges and become useless. For a given battery […]